Design and Implementation of a Decentralized E-Voting System Based on Blockchain Technology

Abstract

Electronic voting (e-voting) systems are increasingly demanded to ensure security, transparency, and trust in digital elections. However, conventional e-voting models remain vulnerable to data manipulation, lack of transparency, and centralization risks. This study presents the design and implementation of a decentralized e-voting system leveraging blockchain technology. A Design Thinking approach was used to capture user needs, while the Waterfall model guided system development. The system integrates Solidity-based smart contracts, a Next.js web interface, and blockchain explorer functionality for public verification. Black-box testing validated core functions such as voter registration, ballot casting, result visualization, and transaction history tracking. Findings show that all features operated as expected, with votes recorded immutably and verifiable in real time. Security and auditability mechanisms ensured robust access control and traceability without compromising voter anonymity. The proposed system, Votely, demonstrates an innovative and trustworthy alternative for digital elections, with strong potential to enhance transparency, accountability, and public trust in future democratic processes.

Keywords: Blockchain, E-voting, Smart Contracts, Decentralization, Auditability.

INTISARI

Sistem pemungutan suara elektronik (e-voting) semakin dibutuhkan untuk menjamin keamanan, transparansi, dan kepercayaan dalam pemilu digital. Namun, model e-voting konvensional masih rentan terhadap manipulasi data, kurang transparan, serta bergantung pada otoritas pusat. Penelitian ini menyajikan perancangan dan implementasi sistem e-voting terdesentralisasi berbasis teknologi blockchain. Pendekatan Design Thinking digunakan untuk menggali kebutuhan pengguna, sedangkan model Waterfall diterapkan dalam pengembangan sistem. Sistem yang dikembangkan mengintegrasikan smart contract berbasis Solidity, antarmuka web dengan Next.js, serta fungsi blockchain explorer untuk verifikasi publik. Pengujian black-box dilakukan untuk memvalidasi fungsi inti, termasuk registrasi pemilih, pemungutan suara, visualisasi hasil, dan pencatatan riwayat transaksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fitur berjalan sesuai harapan, dengan suara tercatat secara permanen dan dapat diverifikasi secara real-time. Mekanisme keamanan dan auditabilitas yang diterapkan memastikan kendali akses dan keterlacakan tanpa mengorbankan anonimitas pemilih. Sistem yang diusulkan, Votely, menawarkan solusi inovatif dan terpercaya untuk pemilu digital, dengan potensi besar dalam meningkatkan transparansi, akuntabilitas, serta kepercayaan publik pada proses demokrasi di masa depan.

Kata Kunci: Blockchain, E-voting, Smart Contract, Desentralisasi, Auditabilitas.